Common signs include persistent tooth pain, sensitivity to hot or cold, swelling of the gums, discoloration of the tooth, or tenderness when chewing. However, some infections show little to no symptoms, which is why regular dental exams are important.

Root canal therapy has a reputation for being painful, but with today’s modern dental technology and anesthesia, the procedure is typically very comfortable. In fact, it relieves the pain caused by infection.

Most root canal treatments can be completed in one to two visits, depending on the severity of the infection and the tooth being treated.

An abscess (or pimple) on the gums. Sensitivity to hot and cold. Severe toothache pain. Sometimes no symptoms are present. Swelling and/or tenderness.

Decay has reached the tooth pulp (the living tissue inside the tooth). Infection or abscess have developed inside the tooth or at the root tip. Injury or trauma to the tooth.

A root canal procedure requires one or more appointments and can be performed by a dentist or endodontist (a root canal specialist). While the tooth is numb, a rubber dam (a sheet of rubber) will be placed around the tooth to keep it dry and free of saliva. An access opening is made on top of the tooth and a series of root canal files are placed into the opening, one at a time, removing the pulp, nerve tissue, and bacteria. If tooth decay is present, it will also be removed with special dental instruments. Once the tooth is thoroughly cleaned, it will be sealed with either a permanent filling or, if additional appointments are needed, a temporary filling will be placed. At the next appointment, usually a week later, the roots and the inside cavity of the tooth will be filled and sealed with special dental materials. A filling will be placed to cover the opening on top of the tooth. In addition, all teeth that have root canal treatment should have a crown (cap) placed. This will protect the tooth and prevent it from breaking, and restore it to its full function. After treatment, your tooth may still be sensitive, but this will subside as the inflammation diminishes and the tooth has healed. You will be given care instructions after each appointment. Good oral hygiene practices and regular dental visits will aid in the life of your root canal treatment.